Oxidative Stress Responses in Chlorella vulgaris Following Chlorpyrifos Exposure: Oxidative Stress Responses in Chlorella vulgaris

Osman  Serdar; Ayşe Nur Aydın; Abdüllatif  Ölçülü; Işıl Canan  Çiçek Çimen; Tuba  Parlak Ak; Taner Derman; Ayşegül Pala; Nuran Cıkcıkoğlu Yıldırım

doi:10.5281/zenodo.18007327

Authors

Osman Serdar Department of Basıc Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, 62100 Tunceli, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-8883
Ayşe Nur Aydın Central Fisheries Research Institute, Trabzon, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-8958
Abdüllatif Ölçülü Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University 62100 Tunceli, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-8417
Işıl Canan Çiçek Çimen Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University 62100 Tunceli, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-8211
Tuba Parlak Ak Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty oof Health Sciences Munzur University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-7995
Taner Derman Munzur University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 62100 Tunceli, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-8049
Ayşegül Pala Department of Aquaculture Diseases Division, Faculty of Aquaculture, Munzur University Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-023X
Nuran Cıkcıkoğlu Yıldırım Munzur University, Depertment of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinarian Healty Program, Tunceli, Turkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-6705

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18007327

Keywords:

Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorpyrifos, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes, Aquatic toxicity, Biomarkers

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate pesticide, frequently enters aquatic environments and poses potential risks to non-target primary producers such as microalgae. This study investigated the oxidative stress response of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to sublethal concentrations of CPF based on the 96-h EC₅₀ value (4.86 mg/L). Experimental groups were designed using 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 EC₅₀ concentrations, and biochemical responses were evaluated at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Results demonstrated that CPF exposure induced significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased at specific exposure periods, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) exhibited concentration- and time-dependent alterations. Glutathione (GSH) levels increased throughout exposure and during the elimination phase, indicating activation of non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. In contrast, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, showed no statistically significant change.

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Oxidative Stress Responses in Chlorella vulgaris Following Chlorpyrifos Exposure